Initially, a total of 10,175 participants were included in the study. Our analysis was limited to individuals aged 40 years or older who had complete data on both blood urea nitrogen and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) scores. Furthermore, individuals under the age of 40 were not considered in our analysis because that AAC scores were determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which were not conducted on participants below this age during the relevant NHANES cycle in 2013–2014. This is because only this specific cycle contains information on both BUN and AAC scores. Our investigation of the potential correlation between BUN and severe AAC was grounded on data from the 2013–2014 NHANES cycle. Individual participants are assigned appropriate sampling weights, and continuous NHANES data have been accessible since 1999, released every 2 years 15. NHANES is a survey that employs a complex multistage probability sampling design and oversamples minority populations to ensure accurate representation of the US population. All methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the NCHS Institutional Review Board. Prior to data collection, all participants provided written informed consent. The studies involving human participants were ethically approved by The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board. Hence, we carried out this research to examine the correlations between BUN and severe AAC, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2013–2014. However, no cross-sectional study has examined the relationship between BUN and severe AAC among a general population. Moreover, most previous studies were investigated among patients with heart failure 12, acute coronary syndrome 13, or stroke 14. In addition, some research suggests that in Chinese communities, a higher BUN level may be linked to a higher risk of incident coronary artery disease(CAD) 11. Numerous studies indicate that the BUN/creatinine ratio, which functions independently of both BUN and creatinine, is a well-established predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with CVD 9, 10. Elevated BUN levels are often seen in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is frequently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) 7, 8. To assess personalized cardiovascular risk, recognizing atherosclerosis in its subclinical phase is crucial 5.īlood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a laboratory test that measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea, a waste product formed by the liver 6. Nonetheless, there is presently no effective therapy for serious AAC. It is the fundamental reason for approximately half of all fatalities 4. According to previous study, atherosclerosis, a disease of the large arteries, is the primary cause of heart disease and stroke 2, 3. Utilizing standard lateral lumbar radiographs to evaluate abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), it is identified as a marker for asymptomatic atherosclerotic conditions and functions as an independent forecaster for ensuing vascular diseases and mortalities 1. In general, there is a positive correlation between BUN and the risk of severe AAC. In addition,the interactions of BUN were not discover. The restricted cubic spline plot displayed a reverse l-shaped association between BUN (log2-transformed) and severe AAC (p for nonlinearity < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model, the highest BUN level (log 2-transformed) was associated with an increased risk of severe AAC. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used in the analyses. AAC scores were quantified by the Kauppila scoring system, and severe AAC was defined as an AAC score ≥ 6. BUN was measured by means of the enzymatic conductivity rate method. A total of 2757 participants in the NHANES from 2013 to 2014 were included in the final analysis. The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and severe abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among American adults aged 40 years and older.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |